An international research team from China’s Tianjin Normal University has revealed the rapid growth of water-based photovoltaic (WPV) systems, with the global installed capacity reaching 21.18 GW in 2023. The research, using satellite imagery and a newly developed method called the Normalized Difference Photovoltaic Index (NDPI), shows that China leads this expansion, accounting for over 80% of the global WPV capacity.
WPV systems, including both floating solar and systems on fixed structures in shallow waters, have seen an acceleration in development, especially after 2015, driven by China’s strong policy support. The global WPV area grew from 104.89 km² in 2016 to 472.92 km² by 2023, with significant increases in Vietnam and Thailand as well.
The researchers estimate that by 2030, global WPV capacity could reach 35.64 GW. This growth highlights the expanding role of water-based solar in the renewable energy landscape, particularly in Asia. The findings underscore the potential for WPV as a key player in meeting global clean energy goals.